Calender  In this timeline, Prasanna gives an overview of major incidents from the birth of Muhammad until Al-Tabari wrote his Tafsir for Quran.

 

 

 

6th Century 545 Birth of Abdullah ibn Muttalib
  569 Death of Abdullah
  570 Birth of Muhammad ibn Abdullah (April 20/26)
  576 The death of Amina bint Wahab, Muhammad’s mother
  578 The death of Abu Muttalib, Muhammad’s grand father who took care of him after Amina’s death
  583 Mohammad’s journey to Syria with his uncle Abu Talib
 < /td>

595 Muhammad’s marriage with Khadija daughter of Khuwaylid (she was 40 and he was 25 at that time)  
  600 Birth of Ali ibn Abu Talib
7th Century 610 The first recitation: The call to prophethood at the cave Hira near Mecca
  611 After the first recitation nearly two years of silence followed during which Muhammad contemplated suicide due to depression and doubts
  612 Resumption of recitations
  614 Birth of Fatima daughter of Muhammad
  619
  1. Khadija’s death
  2. Death of Abu Talib who took care of Muhammad after his grand father had died
     
  622 Hijra (flight from Mecca to Yathrib i.e. Medina, due to persecution at Mecca)
  623 Muhammad married Aisha daughter of Abu Bakr (Aisha was 6 years old when the marriage took place but the marriage consummated when she turned 9)
  624
  1. The expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa (Jewish) from Arabia—they were allowed to take all their movable possessions and leave the place, their immovable property was taken over by Muslims. 
  2. Battle of Badr
  625
  1. The exile of Banu Nadir (Jewish) from Arabia—they were not allowed to take their movable property with them but were allowed only to leave without being killed by Muslims.
  2. Muhammad married Hafsa daughter of Umar
  627
  1. Battle of Trench
  2. The killing and enslavement of Banu Qurayza (Jewish)—they were all taken captive under a truce; later the males were beheaded (600/900) and the females and children were made slaves of the Muslims.  On that day only four of the men from that tribe were spared from death because of their conversion to Islam.
  630 Mecca conquered by Muhammad and his followers
  631 Muhammad’s son Ibrahim, born of Mary the Copt, died
  632
  1. Death of Muhammad (8th June)
  2. Abu Bakr (Abdullah ibn Uthman), the first convert to Islam, was made the first Calipha
  3. Death of Fatima Muhammad’s daughter and Ali’s wife
  633 The first Quranic text compilation: By Zaid ibn Thabit under Abu Bakr supervision and the codex was kept at Muhammad’s widow Hafsa until it was destroyed after another version was made
  634
  1. Death of Abu Bakr (either by natural death or by poisoning)
  2. Umar ibn al-Khattab made second Calipha
  635
  1. Muslim army conquered Damascus
  2. Jews and Christians were expelled from Arabian Peninsula
  637
  1. Muslims conquered Iraq
  2. Muslims conquered Syria
  638       Muslims conquered Jerusalem
  642 Muslims conquered Egypt
  644
  1. The murder of Umar by Muslim fanatic, Abu-Lulu’ah
  2. Uthman ibn Affan made third Calipha
  656
  1. The second Quranic text compilation: The Uthmanic Version of the Quran compilation finished (650-656) and the rest of the rival codices were burned
  2. The brutal murder of Uthman by Muslims (Muhammad bin Abu Bakr and his companions)
  3. Ali ibn Abu Talib made Calipha
  660 The declaration of Muawiyya-1 as the Calipha at Damascus—the beginning of Umayyad dynasty
  661 The murder of Ali by a convert to Islam (Kharijite)
  669       Hasan ibn Ali was poisoned and killed
  673-78       Byzantine capital, Constantinople was captured by        Muslims
  680
  1. Death of Muawiyya-1
  2. Yazid-1 becomes Calipha
  3. The massacre of Ali’s son Hussain and his family by opposing Muslims
  683
  1. Death of Yazid

  2. Muawiyya-11 becomes Calipha
  685 Abd al-Malik becomes Calipha at Damascus
  691 Dome of the Rock is Completed (Khalifa Abd al-Malik bin Marwan)
8th Century 700 Legends and myths are formed in order to elevate Muhammad of history into the Muhammad of traditions
  710 The third Quranic text compilation:  Quran was revised under Iraq’s governer al-Hajjaj ibn Yousuf during Abd al-Malik Cliphate.  Eleven modifications were made in the Quran at that time and the copies of that were sent to other Islmic centers
  725 Quran: The oldest Quranic fragments produced are now available 
  750
  1. Sira: “Sirat Rasul Allah” by Ibn Ishaq
  2. The end of Umayyad dynasty
  3. The beginning of Abbasid dynasty (Baghdad)
  790 Al Ma’il: The oldest full Quranic Manuscript that is available now in British Library, London
9th Century 800 Hadiths: Nearly 700,000 traditions compiled
  830 Sira: “Sirat Rasul Allah” edited and abridged by Ibn Hisham (translated into English by Alfred Guillaume under the title “The Life of Muhammad” in 1955)
  850 Jami al Sahih: Imam al-Bukhari collects and compiles Ahadith/traditions.  He examined around 600,000 hadiths and declared only 7,295 of them are authentic and the rest are spurious
  870-920 Tariq: “The history of al Tabari” by Abu Muhammad bin al Tabari
10th Century 923 Tafsir: Al-Tabari’s commentary


{moscomment}